And where's the beginning? I mean, for us, mere mortals that don't have a clue about what are you saying?
Why should I install Linux operative system in the first place?
If you're happy with Windows, you can safely stick with it. If you're curious, I'd recommend trying a LiveCD of one or all of the following. NB A LiveCD means no installation (and thus no risk) is necessary to try it out.
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop (
review)
http://www.linuxmint.com/download.php Choose Cinnamon (
review)
http://www.opensuse.org Choose Live KDE (
review)
However, I personally use
Xubuntu (
review) and Debian Xfce.
Doesn't Linux gives you much more work and much less available software?
Etc...
More work--I'd say only if you want it to. Less available software, probably, but most software is crap anyway. I was already using Filezilla, Inkscape, Pidgin, LibreOffice (as OpenOffice), SciTE, Workrave, Opera, and several other multi-platform programs, so in my case making the final switch was fairly uneventful.
Of course, if you require MS Office, Solidworks, or other MS-exclusive applications for your work, you will need a Windows installation. In my case, the computer software I needed most the past few months was Python, which comes with most Linux distros by default. That is, it actually made my life significantly easier than installing Python on Windows would've been. Soon I'll have to use
R, which doesn't come preinstalled but I guarantee it will be significantly easier to install for me than for a user of Windows.*
What are the benefits over windows?
Why do you use mysterious terms no one uses?
It's all Unix terminology. Most of it predates even MS-DOS.
Benefits are personal. One benefit in my case is that Windows doesn't exactly make it easy to put e.g. all your user data on one particular partition or HDD, but most Linux distros tend to set it up that way by default.
Then there's freedom. For more background see e.g.
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html* It'll mean searching for r-base in a graphical package manager or typing sudo apt-get install r-base in a terminal.